| Sažetak | Parkinsonova bolest jedna je od najčešćih neurodegenerativnih bolesti uzrokovana degeneracijom dopaminenergičnih neurona u crnoj tvari. Incidencija bolesti varira od 5 oboljelih na 100 000 stanovnika pa sve do 35 oboljelih na 100 000 stanovnika. Danas se smatra da u samom nastanku bolesti sudjeluje više čimbenika, te da se najvjerojatnije radi o interakciji genetskih i okolišnih čimbenika. Klinička slika Parkinsonove bolesti je definirana prisutnošću bradikinezije i još jedne dodatne motoričke značajke poput rigiditeta ili tremora. Četiri glavne motoričke značajke pod nazivom TRAP su Tremor u mirovanju, Rigidnost, Akinezija(poznata kao i bradikinezija) i Posturalna nestabilnost. PB se dijagnosticira pomoću kliničkog kriterija pošto još uvijek ne postoji konačan test kod dijagnosticiranja. Levodopa se smatra zlatnim standardom za PB jer produljuje životni vijek oboljelih te povećava pokretljivost i poboljšava kvalitetu života. Osobe s PB razviju progresivnu nesposobnost unatoč farmakološkom i kirurškom liječenju pa tu nastupa fizioterapija. Cilj fizioterapije je povećati samostalnost, sigurnost i opće dobro, to jest povećati i poboljšati kvalitetu života. Neke alternativne metode liječenja poput akupunkture, terapije glazbe, joge i slično su se pokazale djelotvornima. Prilikom svakog započinjanja fizioterapijskog procesa se počinje sa SOAP metodom, a ona se sastoji od subjektivnog i objektivnog pregleda, potrebnih specijalnih testova/ispitivanja te plana terapije. Fizioterapijski postupak za cilj i glavni zadatak ima uz pomoć terapijskih vježbi održati funkcionalnost pacijenta i ako je moguće, unaprijediti ju. Neki od češćih načina vježbanja su hidroterapija, proprioceptivni treninzi, pilates, ples tai chi, treninzi sa utezima, terapija glazbom, vježbe disanja i relaksacije, terapija unaprijeđenja koordinacije i balansa, proprioceptivna neuromuskularna facilitacija (pnf) i Bobath terapija. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases caused by the degeneration of dopaminenergic neurons in black matter. Incidence od the disease varies from 5 patients per 100 000 inhabitants to 35 patients per 100 000 inhabitants. Today, it is believed that several factors are involved in the onset of the disease and that it is most likely an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The clinical picture of Parkinson's disease is defined by the presence of bradykinesia and another additional motor feature such as rigidity or tremor. The four main motor features called TRAP are Restless Tremor, Rigidity, Akinesia (also known as bradykinesia), and Postural Instability. PD is diagnosed using a clinical criteria as there is still no definitive test to get a diagnosis. Levodopa is considered the gold standard for PD because it prolongs the life expectancy of patients and increases mobility and improves quality of life. People with PD develop progressive disability despite pharmacological and surgical treatment, so they turn to physiotherapy. The goal of physiotherapy is to increase independence, security and the common good, that is, to increase and improve the quality of life. Some alternative methods of treatment such as acupuncture, music therapy, yoga and the like have proven effective. Each time the physiotherapy process is started, the SOAP method is started, and it consists of a subjective and objective examination, the necessary special tests / examinations and a treatment plan. The goal and main task of the physiotherapy procedure is to maintain the patient's functionality with the help of therapeutic exercises and, if possible, to improve it. Some of the more common types of exercise are hydrotherapy, proprioceptive training, pilates, tai chi dance, weight training, music therapy, breathing and relaxation exercises, coordination and balance improvement therapy, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (pnf) and Bobath therapy. |
