In modern society, musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant challenge for the healthcare system, as well as for individuals who are dealing with these conditions. In order to relieve symptoms, improve functionality and promote healing, more and more attention is being paid to therapeutic exercise as a key part of treatment for these types of ailments. Therapeutic exercise is based on expertly designed and individually adapted exercise programs, which target the specific needs of each patient. This type of exercise combines various techniques, including strength, flexibility and balance exercises, with an emphasis on achieving rehabilitation goals such as: reducing pain, improving functionality, improving postural stability and preventing further complications. Therapeutic exercise can take many forms, including individualized exercises, group therapy, and the use of therapeutic aids and techniques. It is important to understand the proper planning and progression of therapeutic exercise in order to achieve an optimal therapeutic effect and improve the patient's quality of life. Therapeutic exercise plays a key role as an important tool in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases.