Brachial plexus injuries are the most common peripheral nerve injuries that lead to serious social and financial difficulties, and greatly affect the quality of life. This paper will present the physiotherapy procedures used in patients with brachial plexus injury. The purpose of this work is to present the basic principles of physical therapy that are used in such patients based on the consideration of anatomical-topographical relationships, etiology and clinical picture, with the aim of as complete training as possible and restoring the lost function. Brachial plexus injury is the most common mechanical injury during childbirth. The brachial plexus is formed by the roots of the C5-Th1 nerves, and an injury to the brachial plexus is a peripheral nerve injury. The injury can manifest clinically in the form of paresis, i.e. immediate loss and weakness, or paralysis as a complete loss. In order to better understand the etiology of the injury and the clinical picture, the anatomy of the brachial plexus, respectively the branching of the nerves that flow through the shoulder girdle and arm, is briefly presented. The nerve roots then divide into two parts, anterior and posterior. The anterior part innervates the flexor muscles, while the posterior part innervates the extensor muscles. The diagnosis is established by a clinical examination of the child, and different procedures can help in the diagnosis such as electrodiagnostic and radiological procedures and a scale for assessing motor and sensory functions. Physiotherapy intervention is extremely important and is applied immediately after diagnosis. Basic elements of physiotherapy intervention include positioning and baby handling, kinesitherapy, neurodevelopmental therapy (Bobath and Vojta concept), electrostimulation, EMG biofeedback, hydrotherapy and thermotherapy, use of Botulinum toxin, parent education, occupational therapy and operative treatment.